Stippling is the creation of a pattern simulating varying degrees of solidity In photography and computing, a grayscale or greyscale digital image is an image in which the value of each pixel is a single sample, that is, it carries only intensity information. Images of this sort, also known as black-and-white, are composed exclusively of shades of gray, varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest or shading by using small dots. Such a pattern may occur in nature and these effects are frequently emulated by artists.
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Art
In a drawing Drawing is a visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, chalk, pastels, markers, stylus, or various metals like silverpoint. An artist who practices or works in drawing may be or painting Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects may be used. In art the term describes both the act and the result which is called a painting. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper,, the dots are made of pigment A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light of a single colour, applied with a pen A pen is a long, thin, rounded device used to apply ink to a surface for the purpose of writing or drawing, usually on paper. There are several different types, including ballpoint, rollerball, fountain, and felt-tip. Historically, reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were used. Modern-day pens come in a variety of colors, shapes and assortments or brush The term brush refers to devices with bristles, wire or other filaments, used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up, painting, surface finishing and for many other purposes; the denser the dots, the darker the apparent shade—or lighter, if the pigment is lighter than the surface. This is similar to—but distinct from—pointillism Pointillism is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of pure color are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges Seurat developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism. The term Pointillism was first coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists and is now used without its earlier, which uses dots of different colours to simulate blended colours.[1]
In printmaking Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints with an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable of producing multiples of the same piece, which is, dots may be carved out of a surface to which ink will be applied, to produce either a greater or lesser density of ink depending on the printing technique. In engraving, the technique was invented by Giulio Campagnola Giulio Campagnola was an Italian engraver and painter, whose few, rare prints translated the rich Venetian Renaissance style of oil paintings of Giorgione and the early Titian into the medium of engraving; to further his exercises in gradations of tone, he also invented the stipple technique. He was the adoptive father of the artist Domenico in about 1510. Stippling may also be used in engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design on to a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an intaglio printing plate, of copper or another metal, for printing images on paper as prints or illustrations; these or sculpting Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials, typically stone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer metals. The term has been extended to works including sound, text and light an object even when there is no ink or paint involved, either to change the texture of the object, or to produce the appearance of light or dark shading depending on the reflective properties of the surface: for instance, stipple engraving on glass produces areas that appear brighter than the surrounding glass.
The technique became popular as a means of producing shaded line art Line art is any image that consists of distinct straight and curved lines placed against a background, without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects. Line art can use lines of different colors, although line art is usually monochromatic illustrations for publication, because drawings created this way could be reproduced in simple black ink. The other common method is hatching Hatching is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely spaced parallel lines. (It is also used in monochromatic heraldic representations to indicate what the tincture of a "full-colour" emblazon would be.) When lines are placed at an angle to one another, it is called cross-, which uses lines instead of dots. Stippling has traditionally been favoured over hatching in biological and medical illustration A medical illustrator is a professional artist who interprets and creates visual material to help record and disseminate medical, biological and related knowledge. Medical illustrators not only produce such material but can also function as consultants and administrators within the field of biocommunication. A Certified Medical Illustrator, since it is less likely than hatching to interfere visually with the structures being illustrated (the lines used in hatching can be mistaken for actual contours), and also since it allows the artist to vary the density of shading more subtly to depict curved or irregular surfaces.
Images produced by halftoning Halftone is the reprographic technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots, varying either in size or in spacing. "Halftone" can also be used to refer specifically to the image that is produced by this process or dithering Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as "banding" in images, or noise at discrete frequencies in an audio recording, that are more objectionable than uncorrelated noise. Dither is routinely used in processing of both digital audio and digital video and computer printers In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a hard copy of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper or transparencies. Many printers are primarily used as local peripherals, and are attached by a printer cable or, in most newer printers, a USB cable to a computer which serves as a document operate on similar principles (varying the size and/or spacing of dots on paper), but do so via photographic or digital processes rather than manually. These newer techniques have made it possible to convert continuous-tone images into patterns suitable for printing, but artists may still choose stippling for its simplicity and handmade appearance. The Wall Street Journal The Wall Street Journal is an American English-language international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corporation, in New York City, with Asian and European editions features stippled portraits known as hedcuts Hedcut is a term referring to a style of drawing, associated with The Wall Street Journal half-column portrait illustrations. These drawings are traditionally 18 by 31 picas , and use the stipple method of many small dots and the hatching method of small lines to create an image. They are designed to emulate the look of woodcuts from old-style in its pages, as part of its long-standing avoidance of photographs A photograph is an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic imager such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would see. The process and.
Botany
In description of flora species, the term stippling is invoked to describe certain patterns, especially in the case of flowering plants. There are patterns produced in nature that occur on flower petals and sepals which are similar to the dot patterns in artworks that produce an often intricate pattern. An example can be seen on the base of the petal insides of Calochortus luteus Calochortus luteus, or Yellow mariposa lily is a mariposa lily endemic to California. This species is found on coastal prairie, grasslands and some open forest floors. The flower is 3-5cm across and primarily bright yellow, with sparse hair inside and often red-brown streaks or blotches. It may be grown as an ornamental, a poppy A poppy is one of a group of a flowering plants belonging to the poppy family, many grown in gardens for their colorful flowers endemic to California California's geography ranges from the Pacific coast to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east, to Mojave desert areas in the southeast and the Redwood–Douglas fir forests of the northwest. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world. California is the most.[2]
Other uses
The term stipple can also apply to a random pattern of small depressions applied to a surface to increase the friction Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements sliding against each other. It may be thought of as the opposite of "slipperiness" and make the surface easier to grip. This process is similar to knurling Knurling is a manufacturing process, typically conducted on a lathe, whereby a visually-attractive diamond-shaped pattern is cut or rolled into metal. This pattern allows hands or fingers to get a better grip on the knurled object than would be provided by the originally-smooth metal surface. Occasionally, the knurled pattern is a series of or checkering, but is often used on complex curved surfaces, such as anatomical Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology, comparative anatomy and comparative embryology, through common roots in grips, where a regular pattern would not fit. Stippling can be cast into plastic A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic amorphous solids[citation needed] used in the manufacture of industrial products. Plastics are typically polymers of high molecular mass, and may contain other substances to improve performance and/or reduce costs. Monomers of plastic are either natural or synthetic objects, or applied with a hammer and punch to wood Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many plants. It has been used for centuries for both fuel and as a construction material for several types of living areas such as houses. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. In the strict sense wood is produced as or metal A metal is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals. In chemistry, a metal is an element, compound, or alloy characterized by high electrical conductivity. In a metal, atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Those ions are surrounded by objects.
A further use of stipple indicates the damage caused by spider mites Spider mites are members of the Acari family Tetranychidae, which includes about 1600 species. They generally live on the under sides of leaves of plants, where they may spin protective silk webs, and they can cause damage by puncturing the plant cells to feed. Spider mites are known to feed on several hundred species of plant which make tiny white spots on plant leaves which can coalesce until the entire leaf appears silvery.
Stippling is also the term used to describe the circular pattern of dots created around a gunshot wound when a firearm is discharged in very close proximity to the skin.
References
- ^ Ian Simpson (1987). The Encyclopedia of Drawing Techniques. London: Headline. pp. 62–64. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 0747200513.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Gold Nuggets: Calochortus luteus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
External links
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| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Stippling |
- Todd Claydon— Stipple artist from Toronto, ON.
- Miguel Endara— Stipple artist from Miami, Fla.
- Randy Glass - Award-winning pen & ink illustrator and portraitist - celebrity hedcuts for the Wall Street Journal for more than 10 years.
- Noli Novak—Stipple art by Wall Street Journal staff hedcut artist Noli Novak
- Nancy Januzzi - Senior Illustrator for The Wall Street Journal for almost twenty years creating stipple pen and ink hand drawings.
- Kevin Sprouls - The creator of The Wall Street Journal hedcut style and original staff illustrator for the Journal.
Categories: Artistic techniques
Baltimore City Paper
... of electronic stippling , and virtuoso-frantic violin scrapes and chips that recall passages from Karlheinz Stockhausen's Helikopter-Streichquartett. ...
